Network topology refers to the arrangement of various elements (links, nodes, devices) in a computer network. It defines how different components like routers, switches, and computers are connected and how data flows within the network. While there are common topologies like star, bus, and ring, there are several unique and advanced aspects of network topology that are less frequently discussed
You can also download the PDF of the notes of topologies.
Mainly we have 6 topologies they are as follows :
1. Bus Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Ring Topology
5. Mesh Topology
6. Hybrid Topology
Below we re going to discuss each topology defination, it's advantages and disadvantages with the diagram.
1. Bus Topology
A network topology in which all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus or backbone.
Advantages:
- Easy to set up and implement.
- Cost-effective as it requires less cable.
- Suitable for small networks.
Disadvantages:
- If the main cable (bus) fails, the entire network goes down.
- Limited cable length and number of devices.
- Performance decreases as more devices are added.
2. Star Topology
Definition:
A network topology where all devices are connected to a central device, such as a hub or switch.
Advantages:
- Easy to install and manage.
- Fault isolation is simpler, as failure in one device doesn’t affect others.
- High performance due to point-to-point connections.
Disadvantages:
- Expensive due to the cost of the central device.
- If the central device fails, the entire network is disrupted.
3. Ring Topology
A network topology where each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular pathway for data to travel.
Advantages:
- Equal access to resources.
- Easier to detect faults due to the unidirectional or bidirectional flow.
- Performs well under heavy load.
Disadvantages:
- Failure in any single device or cable disrupts the network.
- Difficult to expand without disrupting the network.
- Troubleshooting can be challenging.
4. Mesh Topology
A network topology where every device is connected to every other device, either fully or partially.
Advantages:
- High redundancy ensures reliability; failure of one connection does not affect the network.
- Excellent performance and fault tolerance.
- Data can be transmitted simultaneously across devices.
Disadvantages:
- Expensive and complex to implement due to the high number of connections.
- Requires significant maintenance and cabling.
5. Hybrid Topology
A combination of two or more different types of network topologies (e.g., star-bus or star-ring).
Advantages:
- Flexible and scalable, suitable for large networks.
- Combines the benefits of various topologies.
- Easy to isolate faults.
Disadvantages:
- Complex design and implementation.
- Expensive due to the combination of hardware and cabling.
- Troubleshooting requires expertise
6. Tree Topology
Definition:
Advantages:
- Supports scalability, making it suitable for large networks.
- Easy to manage and troubleshoot due to hierarchical structure.
- Combines features of bus and star topologies.
Disadvantages:
- Expensive due to extensive cabling and hardware.
- If the root node fails, the entire network may become inoperative.
- Maintenance becomes complex as the network grows.
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